![]() ![]() ![]() FT also integrates other environmental signals, such as light quality and ambient temperature transcription factors of the PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF) family play a key role in this process, triggering FT expression under far-red enriched light (such as experienced in shade) and at warm temperatures ( Kumar et al., 2012 Fernández et al., 2016 Galvāo et al., 2019). CO in turn activates expression of the florigen hormone FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), which then moves to the shoot apex to induce flowering ( Song et al., 2015). Only on long days, CO expression coincides with light exposure in the late afternoon, which stabilizes CO protein. ![]() In the model plant Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana), flowering is strongly accelerated in long-day conditions, which are transduced through the transcriptional regulator CONSTANS (CO). In seed plants, the decision of when to flower is vital for reproductive success the floral transition is thus tightly controlled not only by endogenous factors related to the plant’s age, but also by external signals such as light and temperature. ![]()
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